In the present study, the main purpose is the qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed and the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin and the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, and high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance and illiteracy, physical and mental torment, unknown horizon and confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity and customary definitions and contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia and the formation of rent and corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling and institutional exclusion and illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful and institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..

Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) Method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the factors of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social factors, 2. Psychological factors, 3. Cultural factors, 4. Family factors, 5. Personal factors, 6. Relational factors, 7. Economic factors, 8. Media factors, 9. Contextual factors. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social Factors of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological Factors of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural Factors have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family Factors were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal Factors are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic factors are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media Factors Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual Factors were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

Improving participation in voluntary activities in Iran is important because increasing productivity among young people, given the country's young population, contributes to community sustainability. Therefore, a better understanding of volunteer motivation in Iranian youth is needed. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) for assessing volunteer motivations has good psychometric properties and is adapted to several languages, but no validated Iranian translation yet exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric Characteristics of voluntary functions inventory in members of Iranian Red Crescent Society. Sample size was 595 members of Youth Organization of Iranian Red Crescent Society from 31 provinces and 175 cities of Iran that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to voluntary functions inventory. Data were collected using a demographic sample and voluntary functions inventory (VFI). Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method was used for data analysis. The results of the present study showed that the voluntary functions inventory had validity and reliability. Also, the factor structure showed that 29 items and 6 factors well assess people's attitudes to volunteering, and the structure of this inventory was well-fitted and confirmed all goodness of fit models. The present study provides the use of the Iranian translation of the Voluntary Functions Inventory (6 scales and 29 items) to assess volunteer motivation among young Iranian volunteers.

زمینه و هدف: غنی سازی شغل، روشی است که برای افزایش رضایت و انگیزش شغلی کارمندان استفاده می شود. مدل ویژگیهای شغلی هاکمن و اولدهام (1976) به عنوان پایه ای برای تعداد زیادی از تلاشهای غنی سازی شغل عمل می کند. هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین ارتباط ویژگیهای شغلی با رضایت شغلی در میان کارکنان بیمارستانهای تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران در سال 1386 بود.روش کار: نوع مطالعه مقطعی از نوعی توصیفی- تحلیلی بود. محیط پژوهش 6 بیمارستان (دولتی و خصوصی) امام خمینی، دکتر شریعتی، بهارلو، ضیائیان، مدائن و آزادی بودند که همگی تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران قرار دارند. تعداد نمونه 400 نفر بود شامل 200 نفر کارمند (50 درصد)، 151 پرستار (38 درصد) و 49 پزشک (12 درصد). روش نمونه گیری، طبقه ای بود. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه ای دو بخشی بود که بخش اول آن مربوط به شناخت شغل و بخش دوم آن ناظر به رضایت شغلی بود. پایایی پرسشنامه با انجام test-retest و با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تایید شد (r=0.88). آزمونهای مورد استفاده برای تحلیل داده ها linear-by-linear و ordinal logistics regression analysis بودند.نتایج: ارتباط معنی داری میان توان بالقوه انگیزشی (Motivational Potential Score= MPS) و اجزای آن (به جز بازخورد) با رضایت شغلی مشاهده شد (P<0.05) و ماهیت شغلی بیشترین تاثیر را روی رضایت شغلی داشت.نتیجه گیری: یافته ها نشان می دهند که تمامی ویژگیهای شغلی (به جز بازخورد) روی رضایت شغلی تاثیر مثبت داشتند. اگرچه محیط کاری نیاز به باز سازی دارد اما مهم این است که به این نکته توجه داشته باشیم که ویژگیهای شغلی نقش زیادی در تغییر سطح رضایت کارکنان دارند.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, and intervening) conditions, strategies, and consequences of violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial and selective coding system showed that gendered inequality and discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence and the culture of violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double violence for them (core category); violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions and rules, and the perpetrators of which are men and women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions and rules that they have, now, internalized and used again against their daughters. This increased violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) and due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, and commit suicide (strategies), and these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, and sexual violence and even social isolation (consequences).

هدف از این پژوهش، کمک به ارتقای کیفیت آموزش عالی از راه معرفی الگویی از استاد شایسته در آموزش عالی ایران می باشد. به این منظور، یک مطالعه کیفی با رویکرد تحلیل محتوا انجام شد. 14 نفر از اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاههای دولتی سراسر کشور که از دیدگاه دانشجویان، دانش آموختگان، مدیران گروهها و استادان همکار شایسته ترین افراد گروه آموزشی خود بودند، با نمونه گیری هدفمند و از نوع گلوله برفی در نمونه پژوهش قرار گرفتند. برای گرد آوری داده ها از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته و مشاهده مشارکتی بهره گرفته شد. 38 مصاحبه با استادان گروه نمونه و 112 مصاحبه با اطلاع رسانان دیگر، یعنی دانشجویان، دانش آموختگان، مدیران گروهها و استادان همکار انجام شد. هم چنین، کلاس های درس این استادان، 72 بار به وسیله پژوهشگر و دستیاران وی مورد مشاهده قرار گرفت. پردازش داده ها به روش تحلیل محتوا با استفاده از کدگذاری باز و محوری انجام گرفت. بر اساس یافته ها، ویژگی های استادان شایسته شامل 34 زیرمقوله بود که در 3 مقوله کلی شناختی، عاطفی و رفتاری قرار گرفت. از این میان، زیرمقوله هایی که دارای فراوانی بیش تر بودند، یعنی آن هایی که در بیش از 50 درصد کدها وجود داشتند، در الگوی استاد شایسته جای گرفتند.

Evaluating the cutting rate (CR) of stones is important in the cost estimation and the planning of the stone processing plants. This research used regression models to estimate the stones’ CR based on their physico-mechanical characteristics. Stone processing factories in Mahallat City (Markazi province, Iran) were visited, and the CR of diamond circular saws was recorded on six different travertine stones. Next, the stone block samples were collected from the quarries for laboratory tests. Stones’ porosity (n), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Schmidt hammer hardness (SH) were determined in the laboratory as their physico-mechanical characteristics. Correlation relationships of CR with physico-mechanical characteristics were evaluated using simple and multiple regression analyses, and estimator models were developed. Results showed that multiple regression models are more reliable than simple regression for estimating the stones’ CR. The validity of the developed multiple regression models was verified with the published data of one researcher. The findings indicated that these models are accurate enough for estimating the CR of stones. Consequently, the multiple regression models provide practical advantages for estimating the CR and save time and cost during the planning and design of the stone processing factories.

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حسابرس به دلیل اجرای روش های خاص رسیدگی با توجه به عملیات اصلی هر شرکت علاوه بر قابل اتکا بودن اطلاعات حسابداری می تواند بر دیگر ویژگی های کیفی اطلاعات حسابداری موثر باشد. این پژوهش درصدد بررسی رابطه سبک حسابرس با مربوط و قابل مقایسه بودن اطلاعات حسابداری است. به این جهت سبک حسابرس به عنوان متغیر مستقل و مربوط و قابل مقایسه بودن اطلاعات حسابداری به عنوان متغیرهای وابسته تعیین شده است. داده های مورد نیاز از صورت های مالی شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران برای 3248 سال زوج شرکت طی سال های 1385 تا 1392 استخراج شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و آزمون فرضیه ها از مدل رگرسیون چند متغیره با داده های ترکیبی استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد بین سبک حسابرس و ویژگی های مربوط و قابل مقایسه بودن اطلاعات حسابداری رابطه ای معنادار وجود دارد و بر این اساس حسابرس علاوه بر قابل اتکا بودن اطلاعات حسابداری می تواند بر مربوط و قابل مقایسه بودن این اطلاعات موثر باشد.